What does PACÉS stand for? 

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Medical education in France is administered by the Unités de formation et de recherche de médecine (UFR). The training takes a minimum of nine years after the baccalauréat and concludes with a thesis. Upon the successful presentation of their thesis, the medical student is awarded a diplôme d'études spécialisées (DES), based on their specialty. Certain high-achievers are awarded a diplôme d'études spécialisées complémentaire (DESC). French medical training is one of the longest schooling paths in French higher education. It consists of both theoretical and practical training, with a gradual shift from theory at the beginning, to more practical aspects as training progresses. Medical students in France are traditionally known as carabin (riflemen) because the uniforms of military medical students resemble those of Italian riflemen.

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